The solidified form of liquid formaldehyde is known as paraformaldehyde. It has a strong pungent odor similar to that of formaldehyde. Paraformaldehyde is used in a variety of industries for different applications. It finds application in agricultural chemicals, medicines, paints and coatings, manufacturing of different kinds of resins, and many other applications.
Paraformaldehyde is manufactured and marketed in different concentrations and forms. The two main processes of producing paraformaldehyde are vacuum drying process and spray drying process. The water concentration and formaldehyde concentration in different grades of paraformaldehyde depends on the degree of polymerization. Higher the degree of polymerization achieved, higher is the concentration of formaldehyde.
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Some of the major drivers of the paraformaldehyde market are its applications in the manufacturing of agricultural chemicals such as fungicides, herbicides, bactericides and pesticides such as acetochlor, machete, glyphosate, butachlor, and bismerthiazol. The majority of paraformaldehyde produced is consumed by this application. Paraformaldehyde is a well known biological fixative and inhibits cellular degradation due to bacterial replication. This property promotes its use in pesticides. It is also extensively used in manufacturing fertilizers. Another important application of paraformaldehyde is in the production of oil paints and high quality automotive paints. Automotive paints market accounts for a considerable demand for paraformaldehyde. Paraformaldehyde is also used as medical and hygienic disinfector instead of formaldehyde. It is used in the manufacturing process of vitamin A as well. Paraformaldehyde in different concentrations is used to manufacture a range of resins. It is used for the synthesis of urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin, glycol, trimethylolpropane, and ion exchange resin, pentaerythritol, phenolic resin, and N-methylolacrylamide. Urea formaldehyde resin, melamine resin and phenolic resin are the most important resins and consume the bulk of paraformaldehyde demand by the resins market. Paraformaldehyde is used as a substitute for formaldehyde in the manufacturing of synthetic resins. Apart from these applications paraformaldehyde is used in rubber, paper and paper manufacturing processes, as surfactant and as derivative of terpene.
Inspite of the wide range of applications, paraformaldehyde is a chemical which pose severe health concerns and is highly regulated. Exposure to paraformaldehyde causes ocular and nasal irritation. It also leads to irritation in the upper respiratory tract of human beings. The chemical is suspected to have carcinogenic properties and is a reproductive hazard. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) has adopted a long term and short term exposure limit of 0.75 ppm (parts per million) and 2 ppm respectively. Long term limit is set by averaging an 8 hour work shift, while short term refers to exposure for 15 minutes. High amount of precautions are necessary to handle paraformaldehyde as it poses high health risks for the workers.
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Asia Pacific is the largest market for paraformaldehyde, where China is both the largest producer as well as consumer of the chemical. The production of paraformaldehyde in China is increasing at a fast rate, and China is estimated to account for almost 50% of the global production. Environmental regulations on production process of some of the downstream products of paraformaldehyde such as glyphosate, has decreased the demand for paraformaldehyde, resulting is overcapacity in China. North America is the second largest market for paraformaldehyde, followed by Europe.
Some of the major players in the market are Alfa Aesar, Jinan Xiangrui Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanghai Orgpharma Chemical Co., Ltd., Jinan Haohua Industry Co., Ltd., Ekta International, and GFS Chemicals among many others.
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